Power: Its Effect on Policing and Punishment in America

           American discourse on crime and criminals is focused on street crime.  Popular media portrays this type of crime to be the majority of crime in America.  In truth, there are many different types of crime that are committed by people and groups of all races, sizes, religions, etc. But not all crime is treated equally— our pedestalled Lady Justice is peaking out from behind her blindfold and letting what she sees influence her decision making process. 

            The aforementioned phenomenon of street crime is stereotypically committed by poor, young, black men, in inner city neighborhoods.  Stricter law enforcement and harsher punishments have been put in place over the past few decades.  Whether they are poor, of color, non-Christian, mentally or physically disabled, queer, or any other marginalizing quality America wants and encourages the criminal justice system and greater society to criminalize people who do not conform to picket fence ideal. 

            Then there are the wealthy, white, heterosexual, able-bodied, Christian men pulling the strings.  They go by many names but commit the same type of crimes; white-collar.  Underrepresented and largely ignored in media and law enforcement these white-collar criminals run around creating chaos unscathed. 

            When one takes a step back to ponder the many isms that construct American culture one might rightly wonder why there is such a chasm in crime and justice.  The short answer is power; individual and institutional power overlap to bolster white collar criminals until they are seemingly above the law and general morality. 

            The stereotypical offenders in each group are different but also different are the types of crimes committed.  Street crime includes transgressions ranging from disorderly conduct to loitering to sitting down where it’s prohibited to buying marijuana.  Street crime is smaller scale but can involve violence.  White-collar crime includes transgressions such as money laundering, embezzlement, fraud, and tax evasion.  White-collar crime is higher stakes but usually does not directly harm anyone’s safety.    

            These two umbrellas of crime are policed and punished differently.  Street criminals are often caught with racial profiling.  They usually (as most are poor and black) have both individual and institutional racism and classism working against them.  They face a higher likelihood of arrest and conviction and then lengthy prison sentences than white-collar criminals.  White-collar criminals usually (as most are wealthy and white) have racial and class privilege working for them.  As rules and regulations on the poor and black have increased they have been gutted for CEOs, corporations, and other kinds of white-collar criminals. There are more police officers in poor, black communities actively looking for crime than in wealthy, white suburbs (where the police are mainly seen and act as protectors).  There are not enough regulators to effectively monitor potential white collar criminals in big business.  When white-collar criminals are caught and called on their illegal and immoral activities they often face a fine that, while large, is negligible to their bottom line. 

            It is not an accident that these two categories of crime are treated differently.  Intersecting systems of oppression seems to be the root cause behind the policy and opinion that drives the heavy and harsh treatment of street criminals.  White-collar criminals, who possess the power to control the economy and therefore control life for American citizens, are protected and coddled by the criminal justice system.  The very people these CEOs and corporations exploit are then used as a human shield; to punish the big business would harm working class families who aren’t the guilty party.  So nothing effective is done. 

            Lady Justice sees race, sex, religion, and all those things that make humans diverse, but what really tips her scale is power.  From buying politicians to controlling the economy white collar criminals are in a position of massive power.  This power— which takes on many forms and is cultivated in many ways— is the main reason behind the immense divide in policing and punishment in American society. 

Circles and Cycles

Circles and Cycles

the moon beyond the window

keeping us in frame,

hemmed in, domestic

looks like the hoop of earring

I threw off while we were fighting.

but the real thing sits there,

on a coffee table strewn with litter

and the c-shaped marks of mugs

(never bothering with coasters)

reveal: even my cup stains know

that I am no Olympiad.

turned on its head,

that silver skyward crescent

looks just like the scrubbed-clean

skin beneath your  fingernails.

those fingernails, like slivered almonds—

but that gets me thinking

of how often they have lived

inside my mouth.

you never did like to be the one

to dirty up your hands.

the sinking in of hooks

remains a specialty.

in the background,

the window does well

to divvy up the moon:

mullioned sections top and bottom,

some for me and some for you.

but in real life now

you’ve gone and

turned it upside down,

it’s come shining out your mouth

though I never would have guessed

the moon could leer.

Allison Collins

Death Cab for Cutie: Kintsugi

 

At the close of last month, Washington-bred indie rock band, Death Cab for Cutie, released their eighth studio album, Kintsugi and it is, as ever, lovely. Ben Gibbard’s unrivaled lyricism is recognizably, familiarly poignant and charming, without sounding stale. His voice, singing his cleverly, tenderly arranged words, backgrounded with the group’s signature catchy-but-never-cloying music, is like a welcome old sonic friend.

As a whole the album paces itself nicely, starting out slow, building in tempo and rhythm in the middle, then rounding down at the close with the slow, mournful strains of Binary Sea.

Stand out amongst the eleven tracks is the fourth, Little Wanderer. This is a listen-to-on-unrelenting-repeat job. Even as the words sound sad, listening to it almost can’t help but bring about a smile, it’s just that good. With lines like:

But if you will be my bluebird returning

Then I will be your evergreen

Standing tall on your horizon

Guiding you home to me,

it is a rueful, tuneful song about love lost and found and stretched to near crippling, but at its close (aside from wanting to start it over again), I’m left feeling something’s been gained, not lost.  It puts me in mind of Passenger Seat, from 2003’s Transatlanticism, specifically the lines: 

 I strain my eyes and try

To tell the difference between shooting stars and satellites

From the passenger seat as you are driving me home

"Do they collide?”

I ask and you smile

With my feet on the dash

The world doesn't matter

When you feel embarrassed then I'll be your pride

When you need directions then I’ll be the guide

For all time. 

Ben Gibbard can be evergreen, lighthouse, map—all of it.

Around tracks 7, 8, 9 (Everything’s a Ceiling, Good Help (Is So Hard to Find), and El Dorado, respectively), DCFC pick things up and the tempo increase paired with Gibbard’s thoughtful lyrics make this chunk of the album unabashedly catchy, though not without still having something to say.

I hear the opening, deliciously atavistic, synthy chords of Good Help (Is So Hard to Find) and am immediately put in mind of a cluster of cocktail-swilling collegiates clad in Members Only jackets and Sperrys; I love this.  And with lines like  

You said you wanna stake out your claim

High above the city from where you came

Don't you know the air's so thin?

It starves the brain of oxygen

I know it's such a dangerous place

For there are more ascensions than there is space

Angels causing accidents

The camera phones'll document

But if I start to levitate

Pull me down with all your weight, 

the song’s undeniable fun, catchy feel belies (in perfect DCFC style) the real poeticism there.

El Dorado, the album’s ninth track, is made for a full blown window roll-down.  It seems meant to be driven with. While it is purportedly to do with Gibbard’s inability to cull up matching enthusiasm for now ex-wife Zooey Deschanel’s clinching of her New Girl role, there’s too much goodness here to feel sad upon listening. At the same time, while this quality seems, in part, epitomizing of the sound and feel of many a Death Cab song, it never feels like Gibbard is striving for irony. And while he is not someone I generally think of as sexy, when Gibbard’s voice pulls and stretches out the fricative F as he professes that ‘I tried to be hyped for you,’ I sort of can’t help but imagine the shape his mouth takes as he does this.

All in all, this album feels squarely, pleasingly like true blue Death Cab. It is recognizably them without sounding or feeling redundant and should be listened to. Over and over.

-Allison Collins

Jennifer Donnelly

   

1. Why do you write?  If you somehow lost the ability to write what would you do instead?

I write because I’m obsessed by, compelled by, driven by and hopelessly in love with words, stories, language and books. If I lost the ability to write, I would jump off my roof.
That or open a donut shop.

2. Did you struggle with the economic risk of pursuing writing as a career? 

I still struggle with the economic risk of pursuing writing as a career! It’s difficult to make it as a novelist and to sustain success. Publishing is not an easy business….but what business is?

When I was starting out, I was young and somewhat stupid and didn’t give a lot of thought to phrases like “economic risk.” I worked day jobs and wrote before I went to them and after I came home from them. I wrote because I love to write and wanted to write and nothing was going to stop me. And that’s still why I write. So it was always more about love than about following a well thought out career strategy. But let me be clear that this love was not a sugary, happy, unicorns-and-rainbows kind of love. It was, at times, a very hard and dark love, and it demanded sacrifices. It still does.  

3. What advice do you have for young writers?

Listen to your own thoughts and feelings very carefully, be aware of your observations, and learn to value them. When you're young, lots of people will try to tell you what to think and feel. Try to stand still inside all of that and hear your own voice. It's yours and only yours, it's unique and worthy of your attention, and if you cultivate it properly, it might just make you a writer.

 

4. If you could sit down with Mattie (A Northern Light) what would you like to ask her, tell her, or discuss?

I’m dying to know how it goes for her in New York, 

so I’d ask her to tell me everything that

 happened since she got on that train.

5. Both of your teen novels, A Northern Light and Revolution, are historical fiction, as is your trilogy for adult readers.  Your work-in-progress, These Shallow Graves, is also historical fiction.  If you could go back to any time period which would you choose?

Right now, the late 18^th century. Though, the answer to that question changes every week!

 

 http://www.jenniferdonnelly.com/